Speech-Language Disorders Explained

We asked Linda Burmeister, speech language pathologist and Quotarian, for more information about speech-language disorders. Here's what she had to say:

"Speech and language disorders refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor functioning. These delays and disorders range from simple sound substitutions to the inability to use language or use the oral-motor mechanism for functional speech and feeding."

What causes these disorders?
"Some causes of speech and language disorders include hearing loss, cerebral palsy, other neuromuscular disorders, brain injury, metal retardation, physical impairment such as cleft lip or palate, vocal abuse or misuse, and inadequate speech models; frequently, however, the cause is unknown."

How does hearing play a role in speech?
"Hearing is critical to speech and language development, communication, and learning. The earlier hearing loss occurs in the child's life, the more serious the effects are on the child's development. According to the American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA at http://www.asha.org), there are four major ways in which hearing loss affects children:

1. It causes delay in development of receptive and expressive communication skills (speech and language).
2. The language deficit causes learning problems that result in reduced academic achievement.
3. Communication difficulties often lead to social isolation and poor self-concept.
4. It may have an impact on vocational choices.